AN UNKNOWN ILLNESS KILLING
YOUNG
BIRDS IN NEW JERSEY
An unknown illness
affecting young birds that has been sweeping throughout the United States is
now reported in New Jersey.
The morbidity and
mortality event has been occurring in nestling and fledgling songbirds in the
mid-Atlantic, extending into the Southeast and eastern upper Midwest, according
to NJ Division of Fish and Wildlife officials. Since mid-May, numerous young birds, mainly
blue jays, starlings, and common grackles, but also robins and cardinals, have
been found with eye and neurologic issues, and in some cases these birds have
been found dead in large numbers, officials said. Some, but not all, of the affected birds are
showing neurologic signs consisting of head tremors, leg paresis (partial
paralysis or weakness), ataxia (falling to the side) or inability to stand at
all, and excessive vocalizations. Also,
most of the birds are in good body condition, likely still being fed by their
parents, officials said.
Cases have been reported in Washington, DC, TN, KY, VA, WV, MD,
DE, IN, OH, FL, PA and NJ, officials said.
In 2020 there was reports of similar problems with young birds
in Utah and New Mexico. At this time
there is no evidence that the two events are related.
“Many theories have been posed as to the cause of this event,
however no cause has been determined at this time,” officials said.
Dr. Nicole Lewis, the wildlife veterinarian for the New Jersey
Division of Fish and Wildlife, has collected about 30 birds, all of them
hatchlings and fledglings, that have died of the affliction, but estimates that
it has killed upward of 100 birds in the state.
"We're seeing a lot of eye swelling with the discharge
around it," Lewis said of the symptoms. "The birds kind of seem like they're
blind. Or we're also seeing neurological
signs, such as impacting their brains, they're stumbling and they're falling
over. They're not right."
These symptoms, Lewis said, impair the birds' ability to eat and
fly, and eventually they die from it. Birds
have been found alive with these symptoms and taken to wildlife rehabilitation
centers, but none has seen the conditions improve, and most have
died.
Though the nature of the disease has yet to be discovered, some
known diseases, such as the West Nile Virus, which has killed millions of birds
and can affect humans, have been ruled out. There have also been no reports of the disease
affecting humans or any other animals.
When a dead bird suspected of having this disease is
collected, a necropsy, the equivalent of a human autopsy, is performed and
tests are run in hopes of ruling out other diseases. Once everything
known, such as West Nile and salmonella, is ruled out, further testing is done
to try to understand where the disease is coming from, Lewis said.
"There's a lot of different options and a lot of different
testing that goes on," Lewis said.
In New Jersey, blue jays have been the species most affected,
but Lewis has also seen grackles, starlings, robins and one cardinal that have
died from the disease.
Don Torino, president of the
Bergen County Audubon Society, has been concerned with these mysterious deaths. "Birds are in trouble as it is,"
Torino said. "It's scary."
Torino said this disease is another concern for birds that
already face significant dangers, particularly climate change and loss of
habitat.
Torino has not found any birds that have died from the disease,
but has been constantly seeking updates from scientists and officials.
"This is hopefully something we can get a handle on pretty
quickly," Torino said.
But Lewis said it's a laborious process, involving a lot of
trial and error to try to figure out what the underlying causes may be. Lewis has been working with experts from other
states that have had birds die from the disease to determine what the disease
is and how it spreads.
One possibility that has been bandied about is a connection
between the disease and the Brood X cicadas, since they emerged at
about the same time and place.
"We have been discussing that," Lewis said. "It is certainly on the table as a
possibility, but we have not ruled that in or out. That's a bit of a challenge."
Lewis added that the areas that have the heaviest bird deaths
have been those with a large cicada presence. According to Lewis, there has
been information circulating about a fungus that the cicadas may have. But with
so many uncertainties, it's difficult to label anything a direct cause.
One way the disease could potentially spread is at
congregational spaces for birds, such as feeders.
"It is very possible that the adults are feeding at feeders
or in a local spot where they congregate and then going back to feed their
young and giving it to them," Lewis said. "That's a possibility, but
we don't know as of yet."
What to do if you find a dead bird
Lewis has been requesting that people who find dead, young birds
email her at Nicole.Lewis@dep.nj.gov, and let her
know.
"I've been getting a lot of emails alerting me, and it's
extremely helpful," Lewis said.
Or you can call 1-877-WARN-DEP and for any additional
instructions.
Lewis has been collecting birds from all over the state,
driving to get them. So if you find a dead or sick fledgling, and she
thinks it's worth collecting, you may be getting a visit from a wildlife
veterinarian.
“Dead birds should be handled with gloves, double-bagged and
kept cool until picked up.
WHAT
CAN WE DO?
If you have a bird feeder take it down and clean it out with 10%
bleach solution.
Do the same with birdbaths, empty them out and clean with 10%
bleach solution.
Hopefully this will curb the transfer of this virus from
affected birds to other smaller birds who have not displayed any symptoms
yet. As of now goldfinches and sparrow
are among birds not affected. The birds
will be able to fly to other wild sources of food and water.
Avoid contact between your pets and sick birds.
Hopefully with our assistance scientist can quickly find a
resolution to this crisis.
Have a wonderful summer,
James
